SKYHAWK : Jurnal Aviasi Indonesia

A Regulatory Delegation Compliance Model for Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation: Optimising the Formation of Just and Legally Certain Implementing Regulations

Daniel Dewantoro Rumani — 2026-07-22

Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation functions as an umbrella statute that delegates extensive technical matters to implementing regulations. This article examines the delegation of rule-making authority under the Law and proposes a Regulatory Delegation Compliance Model (RDCM) to improve the formulation and implementation of subordinate legislation. Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, historical, and comparative approaches, the study analyses the construction of delegated authority, the implementation of delegation mandates, and their implications for Indonesia’s aviation legal system. The findings reveal that, although the delegation framework is comprehensive, it lacks clarity regarding the division of authority between Government Regulations and Ministerial Regulations, while sub-delegation often occurs without an explicit statutory basis, creating tension with the principle delegatus non potest delegare. The study also identifies substantial non-compliance with Article 466, as many implementing regulations were issued beyond the statutory deadline or remain absent, creating legal uncertainty and regulatory gaps. To address these issues, the proposed RDCM integrates five sequential functions—formulate, plan, assess, enact, and monitor—grounded in legal certainty, regulatory hierarchy, and the rechtsstaat.

Risk Communication and Multi-Stakeholder Coordination in Airport Emergency Management: Yogyakarta International Airport

Achmad Rizki Arrajabi — 2026-08-31

This study examines the operational, communicative, and organizational dimensions of emergency preparedness at Yogyakarta International Airport. Airports located in disaster-prone regions encounter distinct challenges that demand structured coordination among internal departments and external agencies, including the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency, the Regional Disaster Management Agency, AirNav Indonesia, the Indonesian National Armed Forces, and the Indonesian National Police. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the research draws on semi-structured interviews with eleven key informants, operational document analysis, and participatory observation of emergency drills. Thematic analysis indicates that internal communication and command structures are well developed, while strategic external communication and public risk messaging remain underdeveloped. Multi-stakeholder coordination substantially affects operational resilience and response efficiency. Information technology integration, such as real-time monitoring and dashboards, facilitates internal coordination but requires further optimization for public communication. The study offers evidence-based recommendations to refine emergency protocols, strengthen risk communication, and enhance multi-stakeholder collaboration. These findings advance the literature on airport emergency management and provide actionable guidance for improving operational resilience at airports in high-risk zones.

Facilitating Intercultural Competence Through Aviation English for Aircraft Maintenance Students

Laila Rochmawati — 2026-09-04

Aircraft maintenance personnel work with technical documentation and colleagues across multilingual and multicultural settings, yet Aviation English instruction often gives limited attention to intercultural communicative competence (ICC). This classroom action research examined how an ICC-based Aviation English model was implemented and refined, how students responded to it, and whether and how students' perceived ICC changed. Participants were 24 Diploma 3 Aircraft Engineering students and two Aviation English lecturers at an Indonesian civil aviation polytechnic. Two cycles followed planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Evidence comprised observation checklists and field notes, a 15-item student-response questionnaire, lecturer reflection, learning documentation, and a 20-item self-report Assessment of Intercultural Competence. Cycle 1 showed procedural enactment but insufficient clarity, scaffolding, and support. Cycle 2 bundled the CLIMB sequence with lecturer mentoring and authentic interaction with Timor-Leste students. Student-response medians increased across all five instructional components (all p < .001; r = .75-.88). Perceived ICC also increased across knowledge, attitude, skills, and awareness (all p < .001; r = .86-.88), with larger paired median gains in skills and knowledge. The findings support the feasibility of structured intercultural pedagogy in Aviation English, while the single-group design and bundled Cycle 2 changes preclude attributing improvement to CLIMB alone.

Implications of Local Economic Linkages and Social Transformation of the Blimbingsari Village Community After the Operation of the Indonesia Pilot Academy Banyuwangi

Untung Lestari — 2026-09-07

The presence of large-scale educational institutions in rural areas can trigger significant economic and social change for surrounding communities, as seen in Blimbingsari Village, Rogojampi District, Banyuwangi Regency, since the Indonesian Pilot School Banyuwangi (APIB) began operating. This study examines how APIB's economic local economic linkages influences residents' income and the social transformation that follows. Unlike previous studies focused on airports or commercial plantations, this research fills a gap in the rarely studied context of agrarian-fishing villages directly adjacent to aviation academies, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis in one case study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 24 informants and questionnaires from 64 respondents in Blimbingsari Village. Results show APIB's impact is differential: business actors gained the most direct economic benefits, farmers and fishermen experienced greater social change, and housewives recorded the highest expectation scores despite moderate perceived benefits. The study enriches growth center theory, showing that benefit distribution from an anchor institution depends on each group's interaction with it, underscoring the need for village economic resilience through BUMDes optimization and business diversification, reducing dependence on one institution.

Airport Rail Link Versus Economy Bus On The Solo–Madiun Corridor: Role Of Comfort And Reliability

Muhamad Nurhadi — 2026-09-08

The Adi Soemarmo Airport Rail Link (KA BIAS) extension to Madiun shifted from airport access to a regional intercity alternative, competing with economy buses along Solo–Madiun corridor. This study identifies passenger characteristics and service attributes influencing KA BIAS versus economy-bus choice. A stated-preference survey included 179 users at Solo Balapan Station and Tirtonadi Terminal. Six attributes—travel time, fare, comfort, security, reliability, and service frequency—were assessed. Cramer's V, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression were applied. Socioeconomic factors, monthly income and transport expenditure, were significantly associated with mode choice, although weakly. Comfort and reliability significantly predicted KA BIAS choice; travel time, fare, security, and service frequency showed no significant partial effects. Model was significant (χ² = 14.260; p = 0.001), with Hosmer–Lemeshow fit (p = 0.841) and Nagelkerke R² = 0.102, indicating modest improvement over intercept-only model. With small fare differences, competitiveness depends more on passenger experience and reliability than cost. The study extends airport-rail mode-choice literature by examining an airport rail service operating simultaneously as a regional intercity transport mode.

Voices of Vulnerability: Exploring Self-Presentation in Foreign Language Listening Anxiety

Tiara Sylvia — 2026-09-10

This study applies a self-presentational framework to explore foreign language listening anxiety among 100 cadets at Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya learning Aviation English, addressing how comprehension uncertainty fosters vulnerability in high-stakes aural interactions. The explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combined the Shortened Scale of Foreign Language Listening Anxiety (SSFLLA), Revised Interaction Anxiousness Scale (RIAS), Revised Penn State Worry Questionnaire (RPSWQ), and an aviation-themed dictation test with verbal reports from 17 cadets. Quantitative results showed moderate listening anxiety (SSFLLA M = 3.503, SD = 0.804). Overall listening anxiety was inversely associated with dictation proficiency (r = -.451, p < .001). Self-focused apprehension (M = 3.704, SD = 0.897) was positively associated with social anxiousness (r = .253, p = .011), whereas task-focused apprehension (M = 3.302, SD = 0.703) was inversely associated with dictation proficiency (r = -.402, p < .001). Program differences were observed for self-focused anxiety, F(2, 97) = 4.56, p = .013, ηp² = .09. In the adjusted self-focused model, general worry showed the largest partial effect, F(1, 93) = 58.54, p < .001, ηp² = .39. Qualitative findings highlighted social-evaluative exposure, cognitive overwhelm, and pathways to resilience. The findings support targeted proficiency-building, clarification practice, and psychologically supportive scenario-based training in Aviation English.

Strengthening Preparedness for Aviation Accidents at Sea through the Identification of Core Competency Requirements for Water Rescue

Yeti Komalasari — 2026-09-13

Aviation accidents occurring in water environments present high levels of complexity and require specialized rescue capabilities. This study aims to analyze the impact of basic water rescue competency requirements on victim rescue techniques and the use of water safety equipment. A quantitative research design employing an explanatory survey method was used. The study utilized a causal relationship model involving one independent variable—Basic Water Rescue Competency Needs (X)—and two dependent variables: Victim Rescue Techniques (Y₁) and the Use of Water Safety Equipment (Y₂). The research was conducted at Airport Authority Units (UPBU) located within an operational radius of ±8 km from water bodies. Hypothesis testing results demonstrate that the need for basic water rescue competencies significantly influences victim rescue techniques (t = 13.446; Sig. = 0.000) and the use of water safety equipment (t = 16.785; Sig. = 0.000). These findings indicate that basic water rescue competence is statistically associated with the ability to rescue victims and the proper use of safety equipment; consequently, the results can serve as a basis for developing basic water rescue training to support preparedness and safety in water-based rescue operations.

Implementation of Green Technopreneurship through the ATCP Method for Community-Scale Processing of Gracilaria sp. in Jabon, Sidoarjo

Pancanto Kuat Prabowo — 2026-09-14

Sidoarjo Regency, particularly Jabon District, is a central hub for Gracilaria sp. seaweed cultivation; however, its economic value remains low due to the dominance of raw material sales with high impurity levels. This study aims to optimize seaweed quality through the implementation of Alkali Treatment Conditioning Process (ATCP) technology using a modified High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) tank reactor integrated with a waste mitigation system. The research method employed purposive sampling for raw material procurement, followed by alkaline treatment using 5% (w/v) NaOH solution at a biomass-to-solution ratio of 1:10 and a temperature of 60–80°C for 2–3 hours within the reactor. Environmental sustainability was addressed through the application of an active wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using alum coagulants. The results showed measurable improvements in the quality characteristics of the Ready-to-Process (RTP) product, with an ash content of 1.24% (based on SIG lab test No. SIGS.LHP.XII.2025.081534511) and an average dry weight of 8.18 g per thallus compared with 6.97 g per thallus in the control, corresponding to a descriptive difference of 17.4%. The alum-based WWTP system reduced Total Nitrogen (N-Total) levels by 66.7%, from 1.2 mg/L to 0.4 mg/L, indicating an improvement in N-Total following wastewater treatment. This innovation offers an efficient Green Technopreneurship model for MSMEs to enhance product bargaining power in the food and pharmaceutical industrial markets.

Development and Internal Validation of a Risk-Based Safe-Manning Framework for Wing-in-Ground Craft

Dedy Kurniawan — 2026-09-17

Purpose. This study developed and computationally verified a function-based method for determining core operational crew for wing-in-ground (WIG) craft. Methods. A frozen 37-source corpus was mapped to six safety-critical functions, six mission phases, a competence matrix, and phase loads. Bounded integer compositions were tested using an exact scalar max-flow/min-cut model, 20% reserve, utilization caps, role-removal screening, and 10,000-trial simulation. Robustness analyses varied reserve and utilization, demand distributions, supporting competence coefficients (±20%), ten random seeds, and every present-role removal. Results. Baseline complements were three, four, five, and six crew for restricted Type A, coastal Type A passenger, demanding Type B, and remote Type C scenarios. In the primary triangular run, S1-S3 had no failures (Wilson 95% lower bound 99.962%); S4 had one (99.99%; 95% CI 99.943-99.998). The crew sequence persisted in 45/48 reserve-utilization cells and all coefficient perturbations. Across ten seeds, triangular feasibility was 100% for S1-S3 and 99.98%-100% for S4. Under lognormal-tail stress, ranges were 100%, 99.95%-100%, 99.68%-99.84%, and 96.94%-97.25% for S1-S4. No present-role removal was more favorable than the designated comparators. Conclusions. Concurrent transition/emergency workload, qualified takeover, fault management, and prolonged-survival capability should drive WIG manning. The 3-6-person outputs are internally consistent engineering baselines, not empirically validated or statutory minima; Type B/C tail sensitivity requires external validation.

Designing A Context-Responsive Gamified Digital English Module for Primary School Learners: An Addie-Based Development Study

Mustain Mustain — 2026-09-21

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a gamified digital English module for Grade 5 learners. Using the ADDIE framework, it was conducted at UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through needs analysis, expert assessment, classroom observation, teacher responses, and student responses. Needs analysis involved focus group discussions, interviews, and document analysis. One material/content expert assessed curriculum alignment, content accuracy, depth, language quality, presentation, and pedagogical suitability, while one media/module expert assessed visual presentation, design, navigation, interactivity, gamification, and ease of use. Expert assessments were analyzed descriptively because each domain was assessed by one expert. The material/content expert awarded 141/150 points (94.00%), while the media/module expert awarded 142/150 (94.67%). Classroom implementation reached 93.42%, teacher responses 94.00%, and student responses 93.60%. The module integrated curriculum-aligned English content with interactive activities, audio resources, challenges, points, badges, levels, and rewards. The findings provide preliminary descriptive evidence that the module was considered appropriate by the experts and was practically usable in the classroom context.

Cognitive Pathways to Aviation Safety: A Systematic Literature Review of Decision-Making, Situation Awareness, Workload, and Fatigue

Dani Chandra Yudho Pranoto — 2026-09-23

Cognitive determinants are central to aviation safety because they shape how operators perceive information, allocate attention, manage workload, maintain situation awareness, and make decisions under dynamic conditions. This systematic literature review synthesized evidence using a PRISMA-oriented screening and full-text eligibility process. From 5,421 Scopus records, 394 entered title–abstract–keyword screening, and 120 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The evidence was classified into four primary domains: decision-making, risk perception, and cognitive control (n = 29); situation awareness, attention allocation, and visual monitoring (n = 36); mental workload, task complexity, and psychophysiological monitoring (n = 24); and fatigue, sleepiness, stress, and cognitive resilience (n = 31). Findings show that these domains interact dynamically: fatigue and stress reduce cognitive resources, workload constrains attention, degraded attention weakens situation awareness, and impaired situation awareness compromises decision-making and safety performance. The review proposes an integrated cognitive safety perspective linking cognitive state, attentional capacity, situation awareness, decision-making, and safety performance within a socio-technical framework.

Design and Functional Demonstration of a Miniature Compass Swing Trainer for AMTO Practical Training

L Giat Juangsa Putra Juang — 2026-09-23

Compass swing practical training in Aircraft Maintenance Training Organizations is often constrained by limited access to training aircraft and maneuvering areas. This study designed and functionally demonstrated a portable miniature compass swing trainer produced by fused deposition modeling with a predominantly polylactic acid structure. Mounted on a tripod, the trainer supported controlled rotation and leveling. A single instructional run reproduced correcting-swing and checking-swing procedures and yielded illustrative Make Compass Read outputs (C = -2°, B = +6°, A = -2.67°) together with data for a training Compass Deviation Card. Six subject-matter instructors, purposively selected from 17 AMTO instructors, provided structured feedback (mean = 4.75 ± 0.34; 71 of 72 item-level responses were agree or strongly agree). The prototype is intended as a hands-on procedural and mathematical trainer, not a metrological calibration tool or electromagnetic replica. The findings support preliminary instructional functionality and expert acceptance but do not establish measurement accuracy, repeatability, full-scale equivalence, or student-learning effectiveness.

Development Strategy of Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic: An Ansoff Matrix Approach to Enhancing the Competitiveness of Aviation Vocational Education

Ridho Rinaldi — 2026-09-25

Aviation vocational institutions must respond to technological change and workforce demand while complying with civil-aviation regulations. This study examines how four Ansoff growth options are manifested and prioritized at Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic. Using a single-case design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 informants, 15 observations from January to March 2026, and analysis of strategic plans, performance reports, accreditation records, and partnership agreements. Hybrid framework analysis combined inductive coding with deductive mapping to Ansoff quadrants. The findings show that market penetration is embedded in quality improvement and competency certification, while market development involves partnerships, exchanges, and international training. Product development focuses on applied-degree transformation, specialist training, and facility modernization, whereas diversification remains a higher-risk, long-term option. Product and market development are the most feasible medium-term priorities, subject to regulatory approval, institutional capacity, infrastructure, and partnership readiness. The study offers a contextual adaptation of Ansoff for a safety-critical public institution. As a single-site study dominated by internal perspectives, the findings reflect strategic perceptions and documented intentions rather than verified outcomes.