Plagiarism involves "the use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author, and presenting it as one's own original work."

2. Policy:

Articles must be original, unpublished, and not awaiting publication elsewhere. Any material taken verbatim from another source must be clearly identified as distinct from the current original text by (1) indenting, (2) using quotation marks, and (3) identifying the source.

Any text in excess of fair use standards (defined as more than two or three sentences or the equivalent) or graphic material reproduced from another source requires permission from the copyright holder and, where applicable, the original author and requires identification of the source; for example, a previous publication.

When plagiarism is identified, the Editor in Chief is responsible for reviewing this article and will agree on steps appropriate to the level of plagiarism detected in this article according to the following guidelines:

3. Plagiarism Level

Minor:

A small portion of another article was copied without any significant data or ideas being taken from the other article.

Action: The author was given a warning and asked to change the text and properly cite the original article.

Intermediate: Most of the articles are copied without properly citing the original article.

Action: The submitted article is rejected and the author is prohibited from submitting another article for one year.

Severe: A substantial portion of the article is copied involving the reproduction of original results or ideas presented in another publication.

Action: The article is rejected and the author is prohibited from submitting another article for five years.

It is understood that all authors are responsible for the content of their submitted manuscripts, as they have read and understood the journal's Copyright and License Terms. If sanctions are imposed for plagiarism, all authors will be subject to the same sanctions.

If a second case of plagiarism by the same author is identified, the decision regarding the action to be taken will be made by the editorial board (Editor-in-Chief and Editorial members) with the Chair of the Editor-in-Chief. The author may be permanently banned from submitting further articles.

This policy also applies to material reproduced from other publications by the same author. If an author uses previously published text or images, the relevant paragraph or image must be identified and the previous publication referenced. It is important to note that in the case of review articles or articles of a tutorial nature, much of the material has been previously published.

Authors must identify the source of previously published material and obtain permission from the original author and publisher. If an author submits a manuscript to Jurnal Kejaora with significant overlap with a manuscript submitted concurrently to another journal, and this overlap is revealed during the peer review process or after publication of both articles, the editor of the other journal will be notified and the case will be considered a serious case of plagiarism. Significant overlap means the use of identical or nearly identical figures and identical or slightly modified text for half or more than half of the article. For cases of self-plagiarism covering less than half of the article but more than one-tenth of the article, the case will be considered a moderate level of plagiarism. If the self-plagiarism is limited to the methods section, the case will be considered a minor level of plagiarism.

If an author uses previously published material to describe new research, this previously published material must be identified and any differences from the current publication must be noted. Permission to republish must be obtained from the copyright holder. In the case of a manuscript originally published in conference proceedings and subsequently submitted for publication in Jurnal Kejaora: Jurnal Kesehatan Jasmani dan Olahraga either in the same or expanded form, the author must identify the name of the conference proceedings and the date of publication and obtain permission to republish from the copyright holder. The editor may decide not to accept this manuscript for publication.

However, an author may use material from an unpublished presentation, including visuals, in a subsequent journal publication. In the case of a submitted publication originally published in another language, the title, date, and journal of the original publication must be identified by the author, and copyright permission must be obtained. The editor may accept such a translated publication to attract a wider audience. The editor may select a single published article (e.g., a historical article) for republication to provide a better perspective of a series of articles published in a single issue of SKYHAWK. This republication must be clearly identified as a republication and the date and journal of the original publication must be stated, and permission from the author and publisher must be obtained.

The SKYHAWK layout editor is responsible for maintaining the list of sanctioned authors and will verify that no authors in submitted manuscripts are on this list. If a banned author is identified, the layout editor will inform the Editor-in-Chief, who will take appropriate action. This policy will be posted on the website along with the submission instructions, and a copy of the policy will be sent to authors along with a confirmation email upon receipt of their original manuscript.

4. Recall and/or Correction

Authors are encouraged not to withdraw their submitted manuscripts once the publication process has begun (review, editing, layout, etc.). During this process, SKYHAWK has expended valuable resources in addition to the time spent in the process. However, if under any circumstances the author still requests a withdrawal, the author must repay all efforts made in the manuscript process in the amount of US$50. Payment is made after a formal request from the author via email sent to the JOSI editor using the same email address used in the correspondence.

SKYHAWK editors will consider retracting a publication if:

• They have clear evidence that the findings presented are unreliable, either due to ethical violations (e.g., data falsification) or unintentional errors (e.g., calculation errors or experimental errors)
• The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or necessary justification (e.g., a case of over-publication)
• There is an act of plagiarisme
• The findings report unethical research

SKYHAWK editors will consider issuing a statement of concern if:

• They received inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors
• There is evidence that the findings presented are unreliable, but the institution with which the author is affiliated will not investigate the case
• They believe that the investigation into the alleged violations related to the publication has not been conducted or will not be conducted in a fair, neutral or conclusive manner
• The investigation is ongoing but a decision will not be available for some time

SKYHAWK editors will consider publishing a correction if:

• A small proportion of publications that are supposed to be reliable are misleading (mainly due to unintentional errors)
• The list of authors/contributors is incorrect (e.g., an author who should be mentioned is not included or someone who does not meet the authorship criteria is included)

The mechanism follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) which can be accessed through the following link: https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction%20guidelines.pdf. For your convenience, the same document is also displayed below.